The idea that parents’ involvement in their children’s education has a positive influence on their academic performance is so intuitive and attractive that educational administrators, teachers and families have recognized it as critical for succeeding in school. However, what is the evidence that this is true? And if it is true, which kinds of parental practices, at home or at school, influence which kinds of performance? Which types of programs help to alleviate situations where the levels or quality of parental involvement are inadequate? What can we recommend to families, schools and educational administrations to ensure that parental involvement contributes positively to children’s educational success?